| Consonants[1]
|
| Broad |
Slender |
English approximations
|
| IPA |
Examples |
IPA |
Examples
|
| f[2]
|
fad, fead, pholl, pheann
|
fade
|
| ɣ
|
dhà, deireadh, ghaol, dragh
|
ʝ
|
dh'iarr, dh'innis, gheall, ghin
|
Spanish luego; yard (but stronger)
|
| h[2]
|
thonn, thig, shùil, sheòl
|
haste
|
| j
|
eala, beò, theàrn, iolaire, piuthar, shiùbhlainn, gràidh
|
yard
|
| k
|
gaol, beagan, caileag, amharc
|
kʲ
|
gille, fairrge, thig, chunnaic
|
scat; askew
|
| kʰ[3]
|
còta
|
kʲʰ[3]
|
cìr
|
cup; cure
|
| l̪ˠ
|
làmh, balla, geal
|
l
|
mo leaba, cliathaich, baile, fuil
|
health; lice
|
| ʎ
|
leaba, slige, gille
|
health; scallion
|
| m[2]
|
mac, mic, lampa, ìm
|
main
|
| n̪ˠ
|
nàire, snàmh, clann
|
ɲ
|
nighean, sneachda, cinneadh, ròin
|
tenth; onion
|
| n
|
mo nàire, anail, bean
|
tenth; nice
|
| ŋ
|
long
|
ŋʲ
|
aingeal
|
think; angular
|
| p[2]
|
ball, nàbuidh, abair, corp
|
space
|
| pʰ[2][3]
|
peann, poll
|
pain
|
| rˠ
|
rud, riochd, oirre, orra
|
Spanish rojo
|
| ɾ
|
dà rud, mo riochd, crann, fear
|
ɾʲ
|
cridhe, fir
|
crane; creed (both Scotland); American atom
|
| s̪
|
solas, speal, sgeulachd
|
ʃ
|
seòl, stiùir, slighe, snìomh
|
soot; shade
|
| t̪
|
dall, fada, ad, falt
|
tʲ
|
dìleas, maide, thèid, fuilt
|
stock; stew (RP)
|
| t̪ʰ[3]
|
tana
|
tʲʰ[3]
|
tìr
|
tide; tune (RP)
|
| v[2]
|
bhean, sàibh, mhàthair, deimhinn, làmh
|
veil
|
| x
|
chòta, balach
|
ç
|
chì, balaich
|
loch (Scotland); huge
|
|
| Monophthongs
|
| Short |
Long |
English approximations
|
| IPA |
Examples |
IPA |
Examples
|
| a
|
mac, glaine
|
aː
|
làmh, àite, geàrr
|
rat; rather (both Scotland)
|
| e
|
teth, fead, cheil
|
eː
|
glè, chèile, beud
|
hit; hay (both Scotland)
|
| ɛ
|
fear, each
|
ɛː
|
cnàimh, sèimh
|
let; flare (RP)
|
| ə[4]
|
fada, baile
|
viva
|
| i
|
mise, fios
|
iː
|
ìseal, pìobaire, cinn
|
reef
|
| ɪ[4]
|
uilig, capaill
|
hit
|
| o
|
tobar, bodhar
|
oː
|
bò, còig
|
story
|
| ɔ
|
cnoc, sgoil, deoch
|
ɔː
|
bròn, mòine, ceòl, còrr
|
dog
|
| u
|
ugh, bun, sgioltachd, fliuch
|
uː
|
cùl, sùil, diombach, tiùrr, cunntas
|
pull; rule
|
| ɯ
|
duine, uisge
|
ɯː
|
craobh, aois
|
good; roof
|
| ɤ
|
dragh, coire
|
ɤː
|
fadhlach
|
ago; blur (both RP)
|
| Diphthongs
|
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximation
|
| ai
|
claidheamh, chaill, cainnt
|
price
|
| au
|
amharc, abhainn, ball, gann
|
loud
|
| ei
|
seinn, beinn, peinnsean
|
main
|
| ɛu
|
seall, theann, dream
|
Spanish euro
|
| ia
|
Niall, pian, feur, beul
|
he and she
|
| iə
|
fiacail, iasg, ceud, deug, sìos, fìon
|
idea
|
| ɔu
|
toll, tonn, com
|
goal
|
| ua
|
uamhasach, suaineadh, uaine
|
you and me
|
| uə
|
fuar, uair, buaidh
|
bluer
|
| ɯi
|
chraoibh, ghaoith, tuill, tuinn
|
two years
|
| ɤi
|
maighdean, greim, coibhneil, oighre, coilltean, broinn
|
bite (Scotland)
|
|