"Honor Societies", illustration from the 1909 Tyee (yearbook of the University of Washington )
In the United States , an honor society is an organization that recognizes and promotes scholarship, leadership, service, research, professional accomplishment, or other forms of distinction. Membership standards vary by organization and may include academic performance, nomination, demonstrated contribution, or other defined criteria. Some youth, civic and professional organizations use similar recognition models; for example, the Order of the Arrow serves as an honor society within the Boy Scouts of America .
The origins of honor societies in the United States can be traced to the establishment of Phi Beta Kappa in 1776 at the College of William and Mary . Founded as a literary and debating society, it did not initially impose grade point average (GPA) restrictions for membership.[ 1] [ 2] Early academically oriented groups were often described as “honorary fraternities,” reflecting their Greek-letter structure while distinguishing them from social fraternities.
Many honor societies invite students based on scholastic rank (such as the top percentage of a class) and/or grade point averages, either overall or within a specific discipline. In cases where academic achievement is not the primary criterion, other standards—such as leadership, professional training, or completion of defined programs—may be required. Scholastic honor societies frequently incorporate character or service criteria. Most honor societies are invitation-only, and some restrict overlapping membership within the same academic field.
Honor societies exist at the high school , collegiate /university , postgraduate , and professional levels. In the United States, additional honor societies were established in the late nineteenth century, including Tau Beta Pi (engineering, 1885), Sigma Xi (scientific research, 1886), and Phi Kappa Phi (all disciplines, 1897). Mortar Board was established in 1918 as the first national honor society for senior women.
During the early twentieth century and following the expansion of higher education after World War II , many honor societies adapted to broader institutional changes, including coeducation and racial integration. The adoption of Title IX accelerated the transition of previously single-sex academic organizations to coeducational membership models.[ a] Racial barriers, where they existed, were increasingly challenged. Scholarship has examined disparities in membership within certain professional honor societies, including medical education contexts.[ 3] Media coverage has also reported on debates regarding selection criteria and equity in professional honors recognition.[ 4]
In the twenty-first century, some honors organizations and educational bodies, including the National Collegiate Honors Council , have promoted broader participation and inclusive excellence frameworks within honors education.[ 5] The founding of the Bouchet Graduate Honor Society in 2005 by Yale University and Howard University reflected growing recognition of historically underrepresented scholars at the doctoral level.[ 6] Contemporary discussions of honor societies increasingly occur within broader conversations about equity and merit in higher education.
Academic robes and regalia identifying by color the degree, school, and other distinctions, are controlled under rules of the voluntary Intercollegiate Code of Academic Costume . In addition, various colored devices such as stoles , scarves , cords , tassels , and medallions are used to indicate membership in a student's honor society. Of these, cords and mortarboard tassels are most often used to indicate membership. Most institutions allow honor cords, tassels, and/or medallions for honor society members. Stoles are less common, but they are available for a few honor societies. Virtually all, if not all honor societies have chosen such colors and may sell these items of accessory regalia as a service or fundraiser.
Umbrella organizations [ edit ]
The Honor Society Caucus and Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS) are two voluntary associations for national collegiate and post-graduate honor societies.[ 7] ACHS was formed in 1925 to establish and maintain standards for its member honor societies.[ 7] Four founding members later withdrew from ACHS and established the Honor Society Caucus, citing disagreements regarding the association’s direction and standards.[ 8] [ 9] Not all honor societies seek or maintain membership in ACHS.[ 10] [ 7]
Criticism and debate [ edit ]
Honor societies have periodically been the subject of debate regarding membership fees and standards of academic distinction. Some reports note that required dues may create financial barriers for students, particularly where payment is necessary to obtain formal recognition, and education commentators have advised students and families to review society claims and transparency carefully before joining.[ 11] [ 12]
Debate has further emerged over the meaning of academic distinction in the context of grade inflation in U.S. higher education. Observers have noted that rising average GPAs may complicate traditional measures of comparative academic performance.[ 13]
Collegiate honor societies [ edit ]
Notable national and international honor societies based in or at schools include the following.
General and leadership societies [ edit ]
General collegiate societies are open to all academic disciplines, although they may have other affinity requirements. Leadership societies recognize leadership, with a multi-disciplinary scholarship component.
Society
Symbols
Emphasis
Colors
Status
Ref.
Alpha Alpha Alpha
ΑΑΑ
General, first-generation college students
Blue and Grey/Silver
Active
Alpha Chi
ΑΧ
General
Emerald green and Sapphire blue
Active
Alpha Kappa Mu
ΑΚΜ
General
Royal blue and White
Active
Alpha Lambda Delta
ΑΛΔ
General, Freshman
Maroon and Gold
Active
Alpha Sigma Lambda
ΑΣΛ
General, Non-traditional students
Burgundy and Gold
Active
Alpha Sigma Nu
ΑΣΝ
General, scholarship and service at
Jesuit institutions of higher education
Maroon Gold
Active
Bouchet Graduate Honor Society
General, Doctoral and Post-Doctoral
Active
Chi Alpha Sigma
ΧΑΣ
General, student athletes
Gold and Black
Active
Delta Alpha Pi
ΔΑΠ
General, students with disabilities
Royal blue and Gold
Active
Delta Epsilon Sigma
ΔΕΣ
General at traditionally Catholic colleges
Black and Gold
Active
Delta Epsilon Tau
ΔΕΤ
General, Distance Education Accrediting Commission institutions
Active
[ 14] [ 15] [ 16]
Epsilon Tau Pi
ΕΤΠ
General, Eagle Scouts
White , Red, Blue, and Black
Active
Golden Key International Honour Society
General
Navy Blue , Gold , and White
Active
Ku Klux Klan
Interfraternity leadership, Juniors
Black
Inactive
Lambda Sigma
ΛΣ
Scholarship, leadership, and service
Blue and Gold
Active
Mortar Board
General, Seniors
Gold and Silver
Active
National Residence Hall Honorary
Residence hall leadership and service
Blue and White
Active
National Society of Collegiate Scholars
Leadership, scholarship, and service
Purple and Gold
Active
Omicron Delta Kappa
ΟΔΚ
Leadership and scholarship, upperclassmen and graduate students
Sky blue , White , and Black
Active
Order of Omega
General, fraternities and sororities
Ivory and Gold
Active
Phi Beta Kappa
ΦΒΚ
Arts and sciences, undergraduate
Pink and Sky blue
Active
Phi Eta Sigma
ΦΗΣ
General, freshman
Gold and Black
Active
Phi Kappa Phi
ΦΚΦ
General
Blue and Gold
Active
Phi Sigma Pi
ΦΣΠ
General
Purple and Gold
Active
Phi Tau Phi
ΦΤΦ
General
Active
SALUTE Veterans National Honor Society
General, veterans and active military
Active
[ 17] [ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
Scabbard and Blade
General, ROTC . JROTC . and midshipmen
Red , White , and Blue
Active
Sigma Alpha Lambda
ΣΑΛ
Leadership and scholarship
Navy , Black , and
Gold
Active
Tau Sigma
ΤΣ
General, transfer students
Burgundy and Gold
Active
Tu–Mas
Interfraternity leadership, Juniors
Black
Inactive
These societies are open to Humanities disciplines and may be department-specific.
Society
Symbols
Academic emphasis
Colors
Status
Ref.
Alpha Iota Sigma
ΑΙΣ
Interdisciplinary studies
Active
[ 21]
Alpha Mu Gamma
ΑΜΓ
First-year foreign languages
Gold
Active
Alpha Phi Epsilon
ΑΦΕ
Literary and forensics
Garnet and Green
Inactive
Alpha Psi Omega
ΑΨΩ
Theatre
Moonlight blue and Bastard amber
Active
[ b]
Alpha Upsilon Alpha
ΑΥΑ
Reading and language arts
Gold and Silver
Active
Beta Pi Theta
ΒΠΘ
French
Royal Purple, Gold, White
Inactive
[ 22]
Chi Tau Epsilon
ΧΤΕ
Dance
Active
[ 23] [ 24] [ 25] [ 26]
Delta Epsilon Chi
ΔΕΧ
Divinity
Active
Delta Phi Alpha
ΔΦΑ
German
Black , Red , and Gold
Active
Delta Phi Delta
ΔΦΔ
Art
Red and Bright blue
Active
Eta Sigma Phi
ΗΣΦ
Classics
Purple and Gold
Active
Kappa Kappa Psi
ΚΚΨ
Music - band
Blue White
Active
Kappa Pi
ΚΠ
Art
Purple and Gold
Active
Kappa Tau Alpha
ΚΤΑ
Journalism and mass communication
Light blue and Gold
Active
Lambda Iota Tau
ΛΙΤ
Literature
Purple and Gold
Active
Lambda Pi Eta
ΛΠΗ
Communication
Crimson and Silver
Active
Mu Beta Psi
ΜΒΨ
Music
Red and White
Active
Omega Xi Alpha
ΩΞΑ
Journalism
Active
Phi Sigma Iota
ΦΣΙ
Foreign languages, literatures , or cultures
Purple and White
Active
Phi Sigma Tau
ΦΣΤ
Philosophy
White and Purple
Active
Pi Delta Phi
ΠΔΦ
French
Blue , White , and Red
Active
Pi Kappa Lambda
ΠΚΛ
Music
Gold and White
Active
Pi Nu Epsilon
ΠΝΕ
Music
Active
Sigma Delta Pi
ΣΔΠ
Spanish and Portuguese
Red and Gold
Active
Sigma Tau Delta
ΣΤΔ
English
Cardinal and Black
Active
Society for Collegiate Journalists
SCJ
Journalism
Active
Tau Beta Sigma
ΤΒΣ
Music - band
White and Blue
Active
Theta Alpha Kappa
ΘΑΚ
Religious studies , theology , and philosophy
Red and Gold
Active
Theta Alpha Phi
ΘΑΦ
Theatre
Purple and White
Active
Theta Chi Beta
ΘΧΒ
Religious studies
Active
These societies are open to social science disciplines and may be department-specific.
Society
Symbols
Academic emphasis
Colors
Status
Ref.
Alpha Iota Delta
ΑΙΔ
Decision sciences
Green and Gold
Active
Alpha Kappa Delta
ΑΚΔ
Sociology
Teal
Active
Alpha Mu Alpha
ΑΜΑ
Marketing
Red
Active
[ 27]
Alpha Phi Sigma
ΑΦΣ
Criminal justice and law
Blue and Gold
Active
Beta Alpha Psi
ΒΑΨ
Accounting and finance
Crimson and Black
Active
Beta Gamma Sigma
ΒΓΣ
Business programs accredited by AACSB
Royal blue and Gold
Active
Chi Sigma Iota
ΧΣΙ
Counseling
White and Blue
Active
Delta Mu Delta
ΔΜΔ
Business programs accredited by ACBSP
Purple , Gold , and White
Active
Eta Sigma Delta
ΗΣΔ
Hospitality management
Blue and White
Active
[ 28]
Eta Sigma Gamma
ΗΣΓ
Health education
Dark green and Gold
Active
Gamma Theta Upsilon
ΓΘΥ
Geography
Brown , Light blue , and Gold
Active
Kappa Delta Pi
ΚΔΠ
Education
Purple and Gold
Active
Kappa Omicron Nu
ΚΟΝ
Human sciences
Maroon and Gold
Active
Lambda Alpha
ΛΑ
Anthropology
Red , White , and Black
Active
Lambda Epsilon Chi
ΛΕΧ
Paralegal
Royal purple
Active
Mu Kappa Tau
ΜΚΤ
Marketing
Navy blue
Active
Nu Lambda Mu
ΝΛΜ
Nonprofit management
Active
[ 29] [ 30]
Omega Rho
ΩΡ
Management science
Blue and Red
Active
Omicron Chi Epsilon (defunct)
ΟΧΕ
Economics
Active
[ 31]
Omicron Delta Epsilon
ΟΔΕ
Economics
Royal blue and Gold
Active
[ 31]
Omicron Delta Gamma (Order of Artus )
ΟΔΓ
Economics
Inactive
[ 31]
The Order of Barristers
Law school
Active
Order of the Coif
Law school graduates
Maroon and Black
Active
Order of the Sword & Shield
ΟΣΣ
Homeland security , emergency management
Blue and Gold
Active
Phi Alpha Honor Society
ΦΑ
Social work
Royal blue and Light gold
Active
Phi Alpha Theta
ΦΑΘ
History
Madonna red and Madonna nlue
Active
Phi Beta Delta
ΦΒΔ
International education
Gold and Red
Active
Phi Delta Phi
ΦΔΦ
Law
Garnet and Pearl blue
Active
Phi Sigma Chi
ΦΣΧ
Business administration
Yellow and Blue
Inactive
[ 32]
Phi Upsilon Omicron
ΦΥΟ
Family and consumer science
White , Yellow , and Violet
Active
Pi Alpha Alpha
ΠΑΑ
Public administration
Light Blue and Gold
Active
Pi Gamma Mu
ΠΓΜ
Social sciences
Royal blue and White
Active
Pi Lambda Theta
ΠΛΘ
Education
Gold
Active
Pi Omega Pi
ΠΩΠ
Business education
Blue , Silver and Gold
Active
Pi Sigma Alpha
ΠΣΑ
Political science
Red and Black
Active
Psi Chi
ΨΧ
Psychology
Platinum and Dark blue
Active
Sigma Beta Delta
ΣΒΔ
Business , management , and business administration
Hunter green and Gold
Active
Sigma Iota Rho
ΣΙΡ
International relations
Black , Blue , and Red
Active
Sigma Nu Tau
ΣΝΤ
Entrepreneurship
Active
[ 33] [ 34]
Tau Upsilon Alpha
ΤΥΑ
Human services
Active
[ 35] [ 36] [ 37]
Upsilon Phi Delta
ΥΦΔ
Health administration
Crimson red and Blue
Active
These societies are open to students in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines and may be department-specific. This section also includes all healthcare-related fields, including veterinary science.
Society
Symbols
Academic emphasis
Colors
Status
Ref.
Alpha Epsilon
ΑΕ
Agricultural engineering
Black and Gold
Active
Alpha Epsilon Delta
ΑΕΔ
Pre-medical
Red and Violet
Active
Alpha Eta
ΑΗ
Allied health professions
Active
[ 38]
Alpha Eta Mu Beta
ΑΗΜΒ
Biomedical engineering
Red and Gold
Active
Alpha Mu
ΑΜ
Agricultural systems management
Active
[ 39] [ 40]
Alpha Nu Sigma
ΑΝΣ
Nuclear engineering
White
Active
Alpha Omega Alpha
ΑΩΑ
Medical students and physicians
Green , Gold , and White
Active
Alpha Pi Mu
ΑΠΜ
Industrial engineering
Purple and Light yellow
Active
Alpha Sigma Mu
ΑΣΜ
Metallurgy and materials engineering
Silver and Gold
Active
Beta Beta Beta
ΒΒΒ
Biology
Blood red and Leaf green
Active
Beta Kappa Chi
ΒΚΧ
Natural Science and Mathematics
Golden yellow and Royal blue
Active
Beta Phi Mu
ΒΦΜ
Library and information science
Purple and White
Active
Beta Sigma Kappa
ΒΣΚ
Optometry
Active
[ 41] [ 42] [ 43] [ 44]
Chi Beta Phi
ΧΒΦ
Science and Mathematics
Colonial blue and Crimson
Active
Chi Epsilon
ΧΕ
Civil engineering
Purple and White
Active
Chi Epsilon Pi
ΧΕΠ
Meteorology
Royal blue and Silver
Active
Delta Tau Alpha
ΔΤΑ
Agriculture
Green and Harvest gold
Active
[ 45]
Delta Omega
ΔΩ
Public health
Black and Gold ;
Stole color is Peach
Active
Epsilon Pi Tau
ΕΠΤ
Technology
Blue , White , and Gold
Active
Eta Kappa Nu
ΗΚΝ
Electrical engineering and computer engineering
Navy blue and Scarlet
Active
Gamma Alpha Rho
ΓΑΡ
Aeronautical engineering
Inactive
Gamma Nu Eta
ΓΝΗ
Information technology
Active
[ 46] [ 47]
Gamma Sigma Delta
ΓΣΔ
Agriculture
Sand and Forest green
Active
[ 48]
Gamma Sigma Epsilon
ΓΣΕ
Chemistry
Royal blue and White
Active
Iota Tau Alpha
ΙΤΑ
Athletic training
Active
[ 49] [ 50]
Iota Sigma Pi
ΙΣΠ
Chemistry and related fields, women
White , Gold , and Cedar green
Active
Lambda Beta
ΛΒ
Respiratory Care
Blue and Green
Active
Nu Rho Psi
ΝΡΨ
Neuroscience
Gold and Black
Active
Omega Chi Epsilon
ΩΧΕ
Chemical engineering
Black , White , and Maroon
Active
Omicron Kappa Upsilon
ΟΚΥ
Dentistry
Navy blue , Gold , and Lilac
Active
Phi Alpha Epsilon
ΦΑΕ
Architectural engineering
Purple and White
Active
Phi Lambda Upsilon
ΦΛΥ
Chemistry
Pink litmus and Blue litmus
Active
Phi Sigma
ΦΣ
Biological sciences
Medium green , White , and Old gold
Active
Phi Tau Sigma
ΦΤΣ
Food Science and Technology
Gold and Maroon
Active
Phi Zeta
ΦΖ
Veterinary medicine
Blue and Yellow
Active
Pi Alpha Xi
ΠΑΞ
Horticulture
Nile green and Cerulean blue
Active
Pi Delta
ΠΔ
Podiatry
Active
[ 51]
Pi Epsilon
ΠΕ
Environmental science
Blue and Green
Active
Pi Epsilon Tau
ΠΕΤ
Petroleum engineering and related fields
Gold and Black
Active
[ 52] [ 53] [ 54]
Pi Mu
ΠΜ
Medical
Inactive
[ c]
Pi Tau Sigma
ΠΤΣ
Mechanical engineering
Murrey and Azure
Active
Rho Beta Epsilon
ΡΒΕ
Robotics
Crimson, Gold, and Black
Active
[ 55]
Rho Chi
ΡΧ
Pharmacy
Purple and White
Active
Sigma Gamma Epsilon
ΣΓΕ
Geology and earth science
Gold , Blue , and Silver
Active
Sigma Gamma Tau
ΣΓΤ
Aerospace engineering
Red and White
Active
Sigma Lambda Alpha
ΣΛΑ
Landscape architecture
Gold and Green
Active
Sigma Lambda Chi
ΣΛΧ
Construction management technology
Green and Gold
Active
Sigma Phi Alpha
ΣΦΑ
Dental hygiene , women
Deep purple Bright gold
Active
Sigma Phi Omega
ΣΦΩ
Gerontology
Blue and Gold
Active
[ 56]
Sigma Pi Sigma
ΣΠΣ
Physics and Astronomy
Forest green and Ivory
Active
Sigma Sigma Phi
ΣΣΦ
Osteopathic medicine and medicine
Crimson and Royal blue
Active
Sigma Theta Tau
ΣΘΤ
Nursing
Orchid and Fuchsia
Active
Sigma Xi
ΣΞ
Research in Science and Engineering
Blue and Gold
Active
Sigma Zeta
ΣΖ
Natural sciences , Mathematics , and Computer science
Blue and White
Active
Tau Alpha Pi
ΤΑΠ
Engineering technology
Green and Gold
Active
Tau Beta Pi
ΤΒΠ
Engineering
Seal brown and White
Active
Tau Sigma Delta
ΤΣΔ
Architecture
White and Gold
Active
Theta Chi Delta
ΘΧΔ
Chemistry
Gold, Purple, and Black
Inactive
Upsilon Pi Epsilon
ΥΠΕ
Computer science and computer engineering
Green and Gold
Active
Xi Sigma Pi
ΞΣΠ
Forestry
Green and Gray
Active
Local collegiate honor societies [ edit ]
Some universities have their own independent, open honor societies, which are not affiliated with any national or international organization. Such organizations typically recognize students who have succeeded academically irrespective of their field of study.
Society
Emphasis
Institution
Colors
Status
Ref.
100 Senior Honorary
Leadership, service, activities
Emory University
Active
[ 57]
Activities Honorary Society
Leadership
University of Illinois at Chicago
Active
[ 58]
Aquinas Honor Society
General, Seniors
University of St. Thomas
Active
[ 59] [ 60]
Aurelian
Yale University
Active
[ 61]
Bucket & Dipper
Scholarship, service, and leadership; Juniors
Ohio State University
Active
[ 62] [ 63] [ 64] [ 65] [ 66]
Cap and Skull
Service and scholarship, Seniors
Rutgers University
Active
Cannon and Castle
Military
Yale University
Active
Chimes Junior Class Honorary
Scholarship, service, and
leadership; Juniors
Ohio State University
Active
[ 62] [ 67] [ 68]
Cincinnatus Honorary Society
General
University of Cincinnati
Active
Dean William Tate Society
Scholarship and activities;
Freshmen
University of Georgia
Active
[ 69] [ 70]
Der Hexenkreis
Leadership and service; seniors
Cornell University
Active
[ 71]
Florida Blue Key
Leadership
University of Florida
Active
Friar Society
Seniors
University of Texas at Austin
Active
[ 72]
Innocents Society
Seniors
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Active
Iron Arrow Honor Society
Leadership and scholarship
University of Miami
Active
[ 73]
Iron Wedge
University of Minnesota
Active
[ 74] [ d]
Lion's Paw Senior Society
Seniors
Pennsylvania State University
Active
[ 75] [ 76]
Matteo Ricci Society
General, fellowship candidates
Fordham University
Active
[ 77]
Mirrors Sophomore Honorary
Scholarship, leadership,
and service; Juniors
Ohio State University
Active
[ 62] [ 78]
Mountain
Seniors
West Virginia University
Active
[ 79] [ 80] [ 81] [ 82]
Order of the Golden Bear
Honor and service
University of California, Berkeley
Active
Owl and Key
Seniors
University of Utah
Active
Phalanx
Scholarship and activities
Clarkson University
Active
[ 83]
Phalanx Honor Society
Leadership and service, seniors
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Active
[ 84]
Phi Alpha Epsilon (local)
Scholarship and service
Lebanon Valley College
Active
[ 85]
Phi Alpha Epsilon at the University of Maryland College Park
Family science, community health, kinesiology, and public health science
University of Maryland, College Park
Active
[ 86]
Plumb Bob
Leadership
University of Minnesota
Active
[ 87] [ 88]
Quaternion Club
Leadership, scholarship, service
Furman University
Inactive
Quaternion Senior Order
Leadership, scholarship, service
Furman University
Active
QEBH
Seniors
University of Missouri
Active
Quill and Dagger
Leadership and service
Cornell University
Active
Raven Society
General
University of Virginia
Active
Raven's Claw Society
Senior males
Dickinson College
Active
Rho Theta Sigma
Scholarship
Northeastern State University
Active
[ 89]
Romophos
Leadership, service, and scholarship; Sophomores
Ohio State University
Inactive
[ 62] [ 90] [ 91]
Senior Order
Leadership, scholarship, service
Furman University
Inactive
Senior Skull Honor Society
Seniors leadership, scholarship, and citizenship
University of Maine
Active
Sigma Sigma
Upperclassmen
University of Cincinnati
Active
Sigma Tau Sigma
Textlles
North Carolina State University
Blue and White
Active
Signet Society
Literary and artistic ability
Harvard University
Active
Skull and Bones
Seniors
Pennsylvania State University
Active
[ 92]
Skull and Dagger
Seniors
University of Southern California
Active
[ 93]
Society of Innocents
Seniors
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Active
[ 94]
Sphinx
Senior men
West Virginia University
Inactive
[ 95] [ 96]
SPHINX
Scholarship, leadership, citizenship,
and service; Seniors
Ohio State University
Active
[ 62] [ 97]
Sphinx Head
Seniors
Cornell University
Active
Texnikoi
Engineering
Ohio State University
Black and Yellow
Active
Tiger Brotherhood
Service
Clemson University
Active
[ 98] [ 99]
Torch
Yale University
Active
[ 61]
White Key Society
Leadership and service,
freshmen and sophomores
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Active
[ 84] [ 100]
Community college, two-year college, and vocational school honor societies[ edit ]
Secondary school honor societies [ edit ]
Commonly referred to as high school societies. This list also includes middle school societies.
^ Some professional fraternities continue to maintain single-sex housing, whereas honor societies, typically non-residential, more readily adopted coeducational membership structures.
^ a b In theater lighting, a "bastard" color is a lighting gel that has been mixed with a small amount of a complimentary color, creating a more natural result. See Bastard color.
^ Merged with Phi Chi in 1922.
^ Was originally an honor society but is now a secret society.
^ "PBK History of Phi Beta Kappa" . Phi Beta Kappa . Archived from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-19 .
^ "A Brief History of Phi Beta Kappa" . University of Washington . Archived from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-19 .
^ Boatright, Dowin; Ross, David; O'Connor, Patrick; Moore, Edward; Nunez-Smith, Marcella (5 May 2017). "Racial Disparities in Medical Student Membership in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society" . JAMA Internal Medicine . 177 (5): 659– 665. doi :10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9623 . PMC 5818775 . PMID 28264091 .
^ "A Medical School Tradition Comes Under Fire For Racism" . NPR . 5 September 2018. Retrieved 2024-04-19 .
^ "About NCHC" . National Collegiate Honors Council. Retrieved 2026-02-13 .
^ "Edward Alexander Bouchet Graduate Honor Society" . Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . Retrieved 2024-04-19 .
^ a b c "History" . www.achshonor.org . Archived from the original on 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-04-20 .
^ "Honors Societies - Honors College - Purdue University" . honors.purdue.edu . Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-06 – via Internet Archive.
^ "Honor Society Caucus | Honor Society" . www.phikappaphi.org . Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2021-10-22 .
^ "ACHS FAQs" . www.achshonor.org . Archived from the original on 2024-04-20. Retrieved 2024-04-20 .
^ Adcock, Ally (March 25, 2021). "Cost Requirements of Honor Societies Prevent Some Students From Joining" . The Daily Mississippian .
^ Vissing, Yvonne (August 12, 2020). "Protecting students from predators posing as honor societies" . Kappan Online . Phi Delta Kappa International.
^ Bronzini-Vender, Alex (January 28, 2026). "The Real Cause of Grade Inflation" . Washington Monthly .
^ "Honor Society, Academic Organization" . www.deths.org . Archived from the original on 2023-02-03. Retrieved 2023-02-03 .
^ "2 Ashworth College Grads Nominated to Honor Society" . The News and Observer . Raleigh, North Carolina. 2009-02-06. p. 25. Archived from the original on 2024-06-16. Retrieved 2024-06-16 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "Jim Thorpe Man Honored" . The Morning Call . Allentown, Pennsylvania. 2000-10-10. p. 15. Archived from the original on 2024-06-16. Retrieved 2024-06-16 – via Newspapers.com.
^ Turner, Brett (2017-05-06). "Clark State Recognizes Vet, Active Military" . Springfield News-Sun . pp. B1. Archived from the original on 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-06-16 – via Newspapers.com.
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