鬼 - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Stroke order

Mainland China

Stroke order

Stroke order (cursive)

鬼 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+0, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹山戈 (HUI) or 竹戈 (HI) or 竹田竹戈 (HWHI), four-corner 2621₃ or 2651₃, composition ⿱甶⿺儿厶(HTJKV) or ⿸⿻白丿⿺乚厶(G))

1. Kangxi radical #194, ⿁.

• Appendix:Chinese_radical/鬼
• 傀, 塊, 媿, 㟴, 愧, 溾, 隗, 槐, 㱱, 瑰, 魂, 䁛, 磈, 䌆, 聭, 螝, 謉(𫍷), 醜, 餽, 騩, 䴜
• 䫥, 嵬, 蒐, 䈭, 廆, 瘣, 褢

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1460, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45758
• Dae Jaweon: page 1993, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4427, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9B3C

trad.		鬼
simp. #		鬼
2nd round simp.		⿸⿻丿日乚

Pictogram (象形) – a kneeling man or figure with an ugly face (甶). The ugly face could be a mask. The lower right “dot” is a small 厶; it is a residual tail that was added later – compare 离. Related to 畏 (variant 𠂽), which originally depicts a ghost standing with a stick in hand.

Compare 異 (“different, strange”), in which the 田 also derives from a face and indicates a mask. Compare also 禺, in which the top component represents either a mask or a monkey's head.

Unknown. May be related to:

• 威 (OC *qul, “to overawe, to terrorise”) with k-nominalisation and endoactive tone B, lit. "the thing which is doing the overawing" (Childs-Johnson, 1995 apud Schuessler, 2007; Baxter & Sagart, 2014), or
• 歸 (OC *klul, “to return”) (Shuowen Jiezi [1]; Liezi [2]; Carr, 1985 apud Schuessler, 2007), yet Baxter & Sagart (2014) consider this connection, while semantically plausible, to be a folk etymology; as 鬼 (OC *k-ʔujʔ) and 歸 (OC *[k]ʷəj) had different Old Chinese rhymes & thus were likely unrelated.

See also 詭 (OC *krolʔ, “to deceive; peculiar”). Note also similarities to Burmese ကွယ် (kwai, “to hide, obstruct”).

鬼

1. ghost; apparition; spirit (Classifier: 隻／只)

   這房子常常鬧鬼。 [MSC, trad.]
   这房子常常闹鬼。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè fángzi chángcháng nàoguǐ. [Pinyin]

   This house is haunted.

   • 人之鬼，非人也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE

     Rén zhī guǐ, fēi rén yě. [Pinyin]

     A person's ghost is not a person.

   • 為之宗廟，以鬼享之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     为之宗庙，以鬼享之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Classic of Filial Piety, circa 475 – 221 BCE

     Wèi zhī zōngmiào, yǐ guǐ xiǎng zhī. [Pinyin]

     They prepare the ancestral temple (to receive the tablet of the departed), and there they present offerings to the disembodied spirit.

2. devil; demon

   鬼才知道呢！  ―  Guǐ cái zhīdào ne!  ―  How should I know?! (literal: The devil only knows! Similar to: "god knows")

3. stealthy; tricky; furtive
4. sinister plot; dirty trick

   心裡有鬼／心里有鬼  ―  xīnlǐ yǒuguǐ  ―  to have a guilty conscience

5. devilish; damned; ghastly

   鬼天氣／鬼天气  ―  guǐ tiānqì  ―  damned weather

6. (informal) clever; smart; quick

   這孩子鬼得很！／这孩子鬼得很！  ―  Zhè háizi guǐ dehěn!  ―  This kid is amazingly smart!

7. (derogatory) fool; blockhead; guy; moral imbecile

   那個老鬼又來了。 [MSC, trad.]
   那个老鬼又来了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nàge lǎoguǐ yòu lái le. [Pinyin]

   That geezer is coming again.

8. Derogatory name for people with a flaw or vice. -ard

   煙鬼／烟鬼  ―  yānguǐ  ―  heavy smoker

   酒鬼  ―  jiǔguǐ  ―  alcoholic

   懶鬼／懒鬼  ―  lǎnguǐ  ―  lazybones

9. (intimate) imp; urchin

   小鬼  ―  xiǎoguǐ  ―  imp

   機靈鬼／机灵鬼  ―  jīlíngguǐ  ―  crafty child

10. (regional, derogatory, usually in compounds) Caucasian or Western person

    鬼佬 [Cantonese]  ―  gwai² lou² [Jyutping]  ―  gweilo (derogatory term for a white person)

11. (Cantonese) traitor; rat; mole
12. (Cantonese, ball games) opponent trying to steal the ball
13. (Cantonese, inserted in certain adjectives) so; very
14. (Cantonese) suspicious
15. (mildly vulgar) the hell

    Synonyms: 閪 / 𲈹 (hai¹) (Cantonese), 撚 (lan2) (Cantonese)

    什麼鬼233／什么鬼233  ―  shénme guǐ 233  ―  what the hell LOL

    我點鬼記得！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    我点鬼记得！ [Cantonese, simp.]

    ngo⁵ dim² gwai² gei³ dak¹! [Jyutping]

    How the hell am I supposed to remember?!

    你在搞什麼鬼？／你在搞什么鬼？  ―  Nǐ zài gǎo shénme guǐ?  ―  What the hell are you doing?

    你搞乜鬼呀？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

    nei⁵ gaau² mat¹ gwai² aa³? [Jyutping]

    What the hell are you doing?

16. (mildly vulgar) who the hell; what the hell

    鬼知道！  ―  Guǐ zhīdào!  ―  Devil knows!

    有鬼人知咩！ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

    jau⁵ gwai² jan⁴ zi¹ me¹! [Jyutping]

    Who the hell knows!

    鬼叫你…… [Cantonese]  ―  gwai² giu³ nei⁵...... [Jyutping]  ―  Who the hell told you to... → No one told you to...

    有鬼用 [Cantonese]  ―  jau⁵ gwai² jung⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  has what use (what the hell use it has) → is damn worthless, is of damn-all use

• (ghost):

• (clever):

• (mole): 內鬼／内鬼 (nèiguǐ)
• (the hell): (Hokkien) 碗糕, 番薯, 骨頭／骨头, 骨

• (antonym(s) of “clever”):

Others:

• → Thai: กุ๊ย (gúi)

• “鬼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[3], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “鬼”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 250.
• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “鬼”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 254.

鬼

(Jōyō kanji)

• Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)^{←き (ki, historical)←くゐ (kwi, ancient)}
• Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: おに (oni, 鬼, Jōyō)

Kanji in this term
鬼
おに Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.^[1]

Thought to be derived from 隠(おん) (on, “to hide; hidden from sight”).^[1][2][3]

• (Tokyo) おに [òníꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[3][4][5]
• IPA^(key): [o̞ɲ̟i]

鬼(おに) • (oni) 

1. ghost

   異(い)国(こく)の鬼(おに)

   ikoku no oni

   a ghost of a foreign country

2. evil spirit, demon, ogre
   • ^[6]

     人神 周易云、人神曰鬼、居偉反、和名於邇、或説云、於邇者、隠音之訛也、鬼物隠而不欲顯形、故以稱也。

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (figurative) someone of remarkable or diabolical energy or ability, a demon

   彼(かの)女(じょ)は仕(し)事(ごと)の鬼(おに)だ。

   Kanojo wa shigoto no oni da.

   She is a demon for work.

4. "it" in a game of tag/hide and seek (鬼(おに)ごっこ (onigokko, “pretend spirits”)

• (ghost): 御霊(みたま) (mitama), 亡霊(ぼうれい) (bōrei)
• (evil spirit): 悪霊(あくりょう) (akuryō)
• (figuratively: demon): 悪魔(あくま) (akuma)

Kanji in this term
鬼
き Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 鬼 (MC kjw+jX).

• (Tokyo) き [kì] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

鬼(き) • (Ki) 

1. (Chinese astronomy) the Ghost constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Hypernyms: 朱雀, 二十八宿

• “鬼”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

From Middle Chinese 鬼 (MC kjw+jX). Recorded as Middle Korean 귀〯 (kwǔy) (Yale: kwǔy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kɥi(ː)] ~ [ky(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [귀(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

鬼 (eumhun 귀신 귀 (gwisin gwi))

1. hanja form^? of 귀 (“ghost; spirit”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

鬼: Hán Việt readings: quỷ
鬼: Nôm readings: khuỷu, quẽ, quỉ, sưu

1. chữ Hán form of quỷ (“any generic ugly, mischievous or evil spirit”)