Our World in Data is an online publication that shows how living conditions are changing. The aim is to give a global overview and to show changes over the very long run, so that we can see where we are coming from and where we are today. We need to understand why living conditions improved so that we can seek more of what works.
We cover a wide range of topics across many academic disciplines: Trends in health, food provision, the growth and distribution of incomes, violence, rights, wars, culture, energy use, education, and environmental changes are empirically analyzed and visualized in this web publication. For each topic the quality of the data is discussed and, by pointing the visitor to the sources, this website is also a database of databases. Covering all of these aspects in one resource makes it possible to understand how the observed long-run trends are interlinked.
The project is produced by the Oxford Martin Programme on Global Development at the University of Oxford, and is made available in its entirety as a public good. Visualizations are licensed under CC BY-SA and may be freely adapted for any purpose. Data is available for download in CSV format. Code we write is open-sourced under the MIT license and can be found on GitHub. Feel free to make use of anything you find here!
Contact
Get directly in contact with us at info@ourworldindata.org or through our feedback form.
If you want to use data or visualizations from the site, you don't need to contact us: please just go ahead and do so!
Our Team
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Max Roser
- Founder and Program DirectorMax is an economist at the University of Oxford and the founder of Our World in Data. He began the project in 2011 and for several years was the sole author, until receiving funding for the formation of a team. Max's research focuses on poverty, health, and the distribution of incomes. He has a background in economics, geoscience, and philosophy.
@MaxCRoser
Research Team
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Esteban Ortiz-Ospina
- Senior ResearcherEsteban joined our team in 2016. He is working on economic development, the public sector, education, and a wide range of related topics. Esteban completed his DPhil in Economics at the University of Oxford.
esteban@ourworldindata.org / @eortizospina -
Hannah Ritchie
- ResearcherHannah joined us in 2017 as a researcher. She focuses on the long-term development of food supply, agriculture, energy, and environment, and their compatibility with global development. Hannah completed her PhD in GeoSciences at the University of Edinburgh.
hannah@ourworldindata.org / @HannahRitchie02 -
Joe Hasell
- Research Project ManagerJoe joined us in 2017 and is managing large research projects that require the composition of new datasets on long-term change. He researched the long-term history of famines and is currently researching the history of war.
joe@ourworldindata.org -
Diana Beltekian
- Research Assistant (part-time)Diana joined us in 2017 and as a research assistant she is researching on the long-term history of a large number of aspects including trade, education, and technological change.
@diana_beltekian -
Sophie Ochmann
- Research Assistant (part-time)Sophie joined us in 2017 and as a part-time research assistant she is researching topics in global health, including the history of polio.
@sophie_ochmann
Web Development
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Jaiden Mispy
- Lead DeveloperJaiden joined the team in 2016 and is developing the OWID-Grapher – the visualisation tool that is at the heart of this online publication. He is also developing the website and he is overseeing and managing the future development of the technical framework of our online publication.
jaiden@ourworldindata.org / @m1sp
Administration
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Sonya Bhatt
- Administrative and Finance Officer (part-time)Sonya joined the team in 2018 and is supporting our work on the administrative and financial side.
sonya.bhatt@oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk
Advisors
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Tony Atkinson
Our World in Data was developed in collaboration with Sir Tony Atkinson. Tony Atkinson's work was concerned with issues of social justice, design of public policy, and measurement of inequality and poverty. Professor Atkinson developed the idea for this publication together with Max and remained an advisor until his death in 2017.
tony-atkinson.com -
David Hendry
Sir David Hendry was the Principal Investigator in the initial phase of the project. Professor Hendry is an econometrician with a focus on the analysis of time-series data. We are very grateful for his support and advice through the years.
https://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/people/profiles/david-hendry/
Contributors
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Brian Nolan
Professor Brian Nolan from the University of Oxford collaborated with us on the entry of incomes across the income distribution.
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Stefan Thewissen
Stefan Thewissen from the University of Oxford collaborated with us on the entry of incomes across the income distribution.
StefanThewissen.com / @ThewissenS -
Samantha Vanderslott
Samantha Vanderslott from the Oxford Vaccine Group and the Oxford Martin School collaborated with us on vaccinations.
Samantha Vanderslott / @sjvanders -
Nicolas Lippolis
Nicolas Lippolis from the Centre for the Study of African Economies at the University of Oxford collaborated with us on the structural transformation of economies.
Former Team Members
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Aibek Aldabergenov
- Web DeveloperAibek worked on the database that stores our global development data. Among other projects he developed tools that automatically fetch global development data to keep our publication up to date.
@aaldaber -
Lindsay Lee
- Research AssistantLindsay worked with us as a research assistant in 2015. She helped expand content across the site, especially in health and demographics. Lindsay completed her Master of Public Policy and MSc in Applied Statistics at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar.
LindsayEvansLee.com -
Mohamed Nagdy
- Research AssistantMohamed worked with us as a research assistant in 2015. He helped expand content on the growth and distribution of incomes, economic development, violence, and education. Mohamed graduated from the University of Oxford with a MPhil in Economics.
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Sandra Tzvetkova
- Researcher and editorSandra contributed research on gender aspects of development, edited the content of our publication, and managed our social media accounts.
@sandttz -
Ruby Mittal
- Research AssistantRuby worked with us as a part-time research assistant and supported our research on the long-term history of global development.
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Marco Molteni
- Research AssistantMarco worked with us as a research assistant in 2017. He is an economic historian and worked with us on the long-term evolution of public spending, health spending, and economic development.
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Zdenek Hynek
- Web DeveloperZdenek was the first web developer in our team and built the initial prototype of OWID-Grapher in 2015.
geographics.cz -
Julia Murphy
- Research AssistantJulia worked with us as a research assistant in the summer of 2015 and helped to expand the entry about the internet.
Our Supporters
Our World in Data is supported by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Our World in Data has also received generous support and enhancement from the German entrepreneur, businesswoman and philanthropist Susanne Klatten.
From 2015 to 2016 we were supported by a grant from the London-based Nuffield Foundation.
Our World in Data is made possible with the help of many individuals and organizations. We'd like to thank these people who generously donated or otherwise helped to support or work.
- Adam Baybutt
- Ajay Mehta
- Aki Järvinen
- Alex de Aboitiz
- Alex Ward
- Andreas Bruse
- Andrew Condon
- Andrew Harmsworth
- Andrew Hill
- Angus McLellan
- Anne Cummings
- Antony McCurdy
- Aubrey Ayash
- Ben Riley
- Benjamin Burford
- Beth Ceryak
- Billy Griffin
- Bob Specht
- Brett Bukowski
- Brian Hallissey
- Brian Hartsock
- Brian Holton
- Carly Mask
- Che Voigt
- Cheney Beshara
- Chris Behrens
- Chris Halligan
- Christopher Albertyn
- Conor James
- Conrad Cotton-Barratt
- Corentin Smith
- D Salerno
- Dan Stephens
- Daniel Bachler
- Daniel Plas
- Dave King
- David Cantrell
- David Eves
- David Freedman
- David Graham
- David Graham
- David Verchere
- David Weinstein
- Diogo Freire
- Dirk Fröhling
- Dominik Thomann
- Donn Vidmar
- Donna Quinlan
- E.C. Drexhage
- Eduardo Alvarez
- Emre Marcelli
- Eric Limbeck
- Erica Solomon
- Evan Fields
- Eytan Lerba
- Flack Mavelle
- Florent Crivello
- Flori Pihs
- Francois Degeorge
- Frank Shann
- Frédéric Ranft
- Fredrika Gullfot
- Friedo Cornelius
- Friedrich Hensler
- Gabe Westmaas
- Gaurav Chandrashekar
- Grace Lee
- Gunnlaugur Þór Briem
- Harry Uffindell
- Helen Hockney
- Holden Bonwit
- I Smith
- Ivan Erceg
- Jackson Wang
- Jairo M Nicolau
- James Beshara
- James McGregor
- Jamie Manley
- Jareau Wade
- Jill Gordon
- Jason Crawford
- Jeff Tidball
- Jeremy Wohl
- Jock Rutherford
- Joe Woodill
- Joel Selanikio
- John Crary
- Jon Lebkowsky
- Jonathan Shemesh
- Jonathon Hayward
- Jori Sackin
- Jort Statema
- Joshua Cohen
- Juan C Gutierrez
- Juan Manuel Pereira
- Julia Karmo
- Justin Lorenzon
- Kacey Ofsevit
- Karen Ashworth
- Karthik Aghoram
- Katherine Absher
- Kent Fenwick
- Kevin McLaughlin
- Kevin Owens
- Kevin Zettler
- Kurt Thielen
- Lea Artis
- Lesar Junior
- Linus Blomqvist
- Madhusudhan Srinivasa
- Makis Spyratos
- Marc Andreessen
- Marek Zareba
- Markus Vieweg
- Martin Giles
- Martin Schlumpf
- Matija Dukiġ
- Matt Parker
- Matthew Nielsen
- Matthias Höck
- Max Eusterbrock
- Maximilian Beier
- Meric Bissell
- Mic Milic Frederickx
- Michael Layhe
- Michele Simmons
- Mike Hogan
- Natassia Costa
- Naveed Massjouni
- Nick Kaw
- Niels Paarup-Petersen
- Nishan Sivathasan
- Olivier Buffon
- Benjamin Parmentier
- Paul Graham
- Paul Lerg
- Paul Schaffer
- Pawel Krawczyk
- Peter Blake
- Pieter Laeremans
- Radu Murzea
- Ramez Naam
- Ramkumar KB
- Reem Ateyeh
- Richard Scobey
- Rob Alexander
- Rob Voorwinden
- Roger Wehling
- Ryn Miake-Lye
- Salar al Khafaji
- Sarah Stockdale
- Scott Berkun
- Seamus Smyth
- Shahal Yaseen
- Shailesh Kandage
- Sherin Kurian
- Stanislas Marion
- Stefan Unfricht
- Steffi Birk
- Stephen Senn
- Steven Johnson
- Steven Pinker
- Steven Sinofsky
- Sumit Mishra
- Syed Nawaz Ali
- Teddy Valente
- Tilt College Team
- Tim Montgomerie
- Tim Wilder
- Tom Harpel
- Tyler Willis
- Vijay Rangarajan
- Volker Radke
- Will Francis
- Will Zeng
- Xitij Aranke
Some supporters listed here donated via the crowdfunding campaign to “help save OurWorldInData.org” on the crowdfunding platform Tilt.com in 2015. All who donated through Tilt are publicly listed on the page of Tilt. Other supporters who donated directly to our project preferred to remain anonymous.
How to use Our World in Data
Here we explain how to use this work in your presentations, in your writing, and on your web articles and blog. You find information on how to save charts as images, how to embed charts in your articles, and how to make use of our work legally.
Why are we working on Our World in Data?
Here we explain our motivation for the project.
Our Audience
Our website is currently (summer 2018) accessed by at least half a million people every month, and we are very happy about the fact that our readers come from every country in the world.Our visitors range from students and school children doing their classwork, to journalists, teachers, researchers and policymakers, looking for the data and research to inform their work.
Our work is cited and referenced in hundreds of articles, reports, books, lectures, videos and talks every year.
Below is a short selection of interesting references featuring our work. You can find a complete list, covering over 500 references and citations, here: www.ourworldindata.org/about/coverage
(NB. Since all our work is open, it is sometimes difficult to keep track of our citations. If you would like to suggest an addition to our list of citations, send us an email to info@ourworldindata.org.)
Books
2018 – Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress – by Steven Pinker2017 – An Introduction to Global Health Delivery by Joia S. Mukherje
2018 – Factfulness – by Hans Rosling, Ola Rosling, and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
Newspaper articles
Jan 06, 2018 – New York Times – Why 2017 Was the Best Year in Human History – by Nicholas KristofApr 19, 2018 – Financial Times - The world is not as gloomy, or wonderful, as you may think – by Tim Harford
May 14, 2018 – The New York Times – Medical Mystery: Something Happened to U.S. Health Spending After 1980 – by Austin Frakt
Academic papers
DeFries, R., & Nagendra, H. (2017). Ecosystem management as a wicked problem. Science, 356(6335), 265-270. Online here.Levitt, M., & Levitt, J. M. (2017). Future of fundamental discovery in US biomedical research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(25), 6498-6503. Online here.
Henderson, J. V., Squires, T., Storeygard, A., & Weil, D. (2017). The global distribution of economic activity: nature, history, and the role of trade. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(1), 357-406. Online here.
Videos (online and TV)
May 15, 2018 – Vlogbrothers – Seven Maps to Better Understand The World – by John GreenDec 22, 2016 – Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell – Overpopulation: The Human Explosion Explained
Oct 02, 2017 – Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee on «Using Testing to Combat Poverty» (SRF Sternstunde Philosophie) (around minute 32.30)
Conferences, lectures and talks
Apr 30, 2018 – Royal Statistics Society – Risk, statistics and the media: David Spiegelhalter's IPSO lecture – by David SpiegelhalterApril 2019 – TED Talk – What are the most important moral problems of our time? – by Will MacAskill
Feb 6, 2017 — TEDx Talks — With data, the future is different — by Wali Zahid
April 2019 – TED Talk – Is the world getting better or worse? A look at the numbers – by Steven Pinker
2017 – BBC – Don't Panic: End Poverty – by Hans Rosling and team
Radio shows
Dec 29, 2017 – NPR Planet Money – The 50-Year Newspaper – by Stacey Vanek Smith and Cardiff GarciaApr 12, 2017 – Freakonomics Radio – Earth 2.0: What Would Our Economy Look Like? – Stephen J. Dubner
What we are working on and what will be added later
Our World in Data is always a work in progress. We will be working on this for many years. We have a list of all current and future data-entries that shows which topics we will cover in this publication. We will be writing 275 entries. For all entries we have started to collect material and this collection includes much more than ten thousand references to visualisations, data sources, and research papers.
What we do not know - but would like to
There are some important questions we'd like to know, but have not yet found the answer to. We list some of these questions here; maybe you can help us answer them.
How we chose our data sources
Here we explain how we chose our data sources.
The OWID-Grapher
The OurWorldInData–Grapher is at the heart of this publication. It is the tool that allows us to store all data in an online database and then to visualise this data. As everything else on OWID the Grapher is also completely open source. All information can be found on the page about the OWID-Grapher.
Authorship of Our World in Data
All content of this publication is licensed under a permissive Creative Commons BY-SA license. Content produced by Our World in Data can be freely used by everyone who finds it useful for their work – including journalists, authors, bloggers, lecturers, or educators. The author of Our World in Data is Max Roser who founded this publication.
Legal disclaimer
To the fullest extent permitted by the applicable law, Our World in Data offers the websites and services as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the websites or services, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantibility, fitness for a particular purpose, or noninfringement. Our World in Data does not warrant that the functions or content contained on the website or services will be uninterrupted or error-free, that defects will be corrected, or that Our World in Data servers are free of viruses or other harmful components. Our World in Data does not warrant or make any representation regarding use or the result of use of the content in terms of accuracy, reliability, or otherwise.
Except to the extent required by applicable law and then only to that extent, in no event will Our World in Data, or the people working on and related to this website (“the Our World in Data parties”) be liable to you on any legal theory for any incidental, direct, indirect, punitive, actual, consequential, special, exemplary or other damages, including without limitation, loss of revenue or income, lost profits, pain and suffering, emotional distress, cost of substitute goods or services, or similar damages suffered or incurred by you or any third party that arise in connection with the websites or services (or the termination thereof for any reason), even if the Our World in Data parties have been advised of the possibility of such damages.
The Our World in Data parties shall not be responsible or liable whatsoever in any manner for any content posted on the websites or services (including claims of infringement relating to content posted on the websites or services, for your use of the websites and services, or for the conduct of third parties whether on the websites, in connection with the services or otherwise relating to the websites or services.