Issue 36492: Deprecate passing some conflicting arguments by keyword

As Steve mentioned in the discussion about PEP 570 [1], some changes of parameters to positional-only are breaking (although there is no breaks in the stdlib code). Before making parameters positional-only we should add a deprecation warning for passing them as keyword arguments. Similarly to the code used in the UserDict constructor (see issue22609).

The following PR adds deprecation warnings for other parameters which should be positional-only. It also fixes bugs about nonavailability to pass special keyword names like "self" or "func". Just one example:

>>> import functools
>>> def f(self, func): pass
... 
>>> functools.partialmethod(f, func=chr)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: __init__() got multiple values for argument 'func'


[1] https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-570-python-positional-only-parameters/1078/53

New changeset 42a139ed88c487f325a241c6ee8b308b3c045975 by Serhiy Storchaka in branch 'master':
bpo-36492: Deprecate passing some arguments as keyword arguments. (GH-12637)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/42a139ed88c487f325a241c6ee8b308b3c045975

New changeset a37f356de19828241bf19129f804369794c72ed3 by Serhiy Storchaka in branch '3.7':
[3.7] bpo-36492: Fix passing special keyword arguments to some functions. (GH-12637) (GH-12645)
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a37f356de19828241bf19129f804369794c72ed3

Fixes (but not deprecations) were backported to 3.7.

stage: patch review -> resolved