SOLID - Wikipedia [proxy]

This article is about the SOLID principles of object-oriented programming. For the fundamental state of matter, see Solid. For other uses, see Solid (disambiguation).

In software engineering, SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. The principles are a subset of many principles promoted by American software engineer and instructor Robert C. Martin,^[1]^[2]^[3] first introduced in his 2000 paper Design Principles and Design Patterns.^[2]^[4]

The SOLID concepts are

The Single-responsibility principle: "There should never be more than one reason for a class to change."^[5] In other words, every class should have only one responsibility.^[6]
The Open–closed principle: "Software entities ... should be open for extension, but closed for modification."^[7]
The Liskov substitution principle: "Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it."^[8] See also design by contract.^[8]
The Interface segregation principle: "Many client-specific interfaces are better than one general-purpose interface."^[9]^[4]
The Dependency inversion principle: "Depend upon abstractions, [not] concretions."^[10]^[4]

The SOLID acronym was introduced later, around 2004, by Michael Feathers.^[11]

Although the SOLID principles apply to any object-oriented design, they can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or adaptive software development.^[3]

References[edit]

^ Robert C. Martin. "Principles Of OOD". butunclebob.com. Retrieved 2014-07-17.. (Note the reference to "the first five principles", although the acronym is not used in this article.) Dates back to at least 2003.
^ ^a ^b Robert C. Martin. "Getting a SOLID start". objectmentor.com. Retrieved 2013-08-19.
^ ^a ^b Sandi Metz (May 2009). "SOLID Object-Oriented Design". Retrieved 2019-08-13. Talk given at the 2009 Gotham Ruby Conference.
^ ^a ^b ^c Martin, Robert C. (2000). "Design Principles and Design Patterns" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-06.
^ "Single Responsibility Principle" (PDF). objectmentor.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2015.
^ Martin, Robert C. (2003). Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices. Prentice Hall. p. 95. ISBN 978-0135974445.
^ "Open/Closed Principle" (PDF). objectmentor.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Liskov Substitution Principle" (PDF). objectmentor.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
^ "Interface Segregation Principle" (PDF). objectmentor.com. 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
^ "Dependency Inversion Principle" (PDF). objectmentor.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
^ Martin, Robert (2018). Clean Architecture: A Craftsman's Guide to Software Structure and Design. p. 58. ISBN 9780134494166.

SOLID - Wikipedia

See also[edit]

References[edit]