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Webvision – The Organization of the Retina and Visual System

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  • Part I: Foundations
    • Introduction by Helga Kolb
    • Gross Anatomy of the Eye by Helga Kolb
    • Simple Anatomy of the Retina by Helga Kolb
    • How the Retina Works (pdf) by Helga Kolb
  • Part II: Anatomy and Physiology of the retina
    • The retinal pigment epithelium by Olaf Strauss
    • Photoreceptors by Helga Kolb
    • Outer Plexiform Layer by Helga Kolb
    • Inner Plexiform Layer by Helga Kolb
    • Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion Cells by Helga Kolb
    • Ganglion Cell Physiology by Ralph Nelson
    • Melanopsin-expressing, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs) by Dustin M. Graham and Kwoon Y. Wong
    • Glial cells of the Retina by Helga Kolb
    • The Architecture of the Human Fovea By Helga Kolb, Ralph Nelson, Peter Ahnelt, Isabel Ortuño-Lizarán and Nicolas Cuenca
  • Part III: Retinal Circuits
    • Circuitry for Rod Signals Through The Retina by Helga Kolb
    • Cone Pathways through the Retina by Helga Kolb
    • Roles of Amacrine Cells by Helga Kolb
    • AII Amacrine Cells by Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton
    • Midget pathways of the primate retina underlie resolution and red green color opponency by Helga Kolb
    • S-Cone Pathways by Helga Kolb
    • Feedback Loops by Helga Kolb
    • The Anatomy and Physiology of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells by Jinyue Liu
    • Myriad Roles for Gap Junctions in Retinal Circuits by Stuart Trenholm and Gautam B. Awatramani
  • Part IV: Neurotransmitters in the Retina
    • Neurotransmitters in the Retina by Helga Kolb
    • Glycine Receptor Diversity in the Mammalian Retina by Silke Haverkamp
    • The Role of Dopamine in Retinal Function By Elka Popova
  • Part V: Phototransduction and Photoreceptor Synaptic Pathways
    • Phototransduction in Rods and Cones by Yingbin Fu
    • Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina by Victoria Connaughton
    • Bipolar Cell Pathways in the Vertebrate Retina by Ralph Nelson and Victoria Connaughton
    • GABAc Receptors in the Vertebrate Retina by Haohua Qian
    • S-Potentials and Horizontal Cells by Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
  • Part VI: Retinal Neurogenesis: Early stages in the development of neurons and pathways
    • Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer by Kevin J. Ford and Marla Feller
    • Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina by Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong
    • Development of Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Structure and Synaptic Connections by Ning Tian
  • Part VII: Color Vision
    • Color Vision by Peter Gouras
  • Part VIII: Psychophysics of Vision
    • Psychophysics of Vision by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Visual Acuity by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Temporal Resolution by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Light and Dark Adaptation by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Color Perception by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Space Perception by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
    • Perception of Depth by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu
  • Part IX: Brain Visual Areas
    • The Primary Visual Cortex by Matthew Schmolesky
  • Part X: Repair and Regeneration in the visual sytem
    • Regeneration in the Goldfish Visual System by Sam Nona
    • Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals by Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard
    • Fetal tissue allografts in the central visual system of rodents by Frederic Gaillard and Yves Sauve
  • Part XI: Electrophysiology
    • Visually Evoked Potentials by Donnell J. Creel
    • The Electroretinogram: ERG by Ido Perlman
    • The Electroretinogram and Electro-oculogram: Clinical Applications by Donnell J. Creel
    • Visual And Auditory Anomalies Associated With Albinism by Donnell J. Creel
  • Part XII: Investigations of Human Retinal Disease
    • Retinal Degeneration, Remodeling and Plasticity by Bryan William Jones, Robert E. Marc and Rebecca L. Pfeiffer
    • Cellular Remodeling in Mammalian Retina Induced by Retinal Detachment by Steve Fisher, Geoffrey P. Lewis, Kenneth A Linberg, Edward Barawid and Mark V. Verardo
    • Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) by Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gaehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson
    • Diabetic Retinopathy and A Novel Treatment Based On The Biophysics Of Rod Photoreceptors And Dark Adaptation by Geoffrey. B. Arden and David J. Ramsey
    • What is glaucoma? by David Krizaj
  • Part XIII: Facts and Figures concerning the human retina by Helga Kolb
  • Part XIV: Evolution of Phototransduction, Vertebrate Photoreceptors and Retina by Trevor Lamb
  • Part XV: Visual Prostheses
    • Introduction To Visual Prostheses by Eduardo Fernandez and Richard Normann
    • Retinal Prostheses by Ethan D. Cohen
  • Part XVI: Anterior Segment
    • Crystalline Lens and Cataract by Joah F. Aliancy and Nick Mamalis
    • Intraocular Lenses for Cataract Surgery by Jason Nguyen and Liliana Werner
  • Part XVII: Refractive Errors
    • The Science Behind Myopia by Brittany J. Carr and William K. Stell